Article • • • ENERJi KALiTESi Energy Quality CENGİZ BIÇAKÇI Berg Elektrik Cihazları Sanayi ve Ticaret Ltd. Şti. ÖZET Gelişen teknoloji enerji kalite limitlerini daraltmıştır. Ana şebeke, müşterinin kabul edebileceği standartta elektriği müşteriye temin etmekle yükümlüdür. Ancak günümüzde ana şebekenin bu ihtiyaca cevap verdiği söylenemez. Ve bu problemin artarak devam edeceği hususunda genel bir kanı mevcuttur. Ana şebekeden istenilen standartta enerji temin edemeyen müşteri kendi tarafında tedbir alma durumunda kalmaktadır. Müşterinin kendi enerjilerini üretme arzusunda enerji kalitesinin rolü, enerji kesintisi ve enerji fiyatının etkisinden çok fazladır. Bilhassa kağıt, tekstil ve demir çelik sektörlerinde enerji kalitesi, sağlanması mecburi olan öge haline gelmiştir. Kurulacak olan kojenerasyon veya kombine çevrim santralleri ana şebeke ile paralel çalıştığı sürece enerji kalitesinde (gerilim dalgalanmaları, transientler ve harmonikler) umulanın aksine bir iyileşme olmayacaktır. Kısaca enerji kalitesini iyileştirmenin, arzu edilen standartta enerji alabilmenin yolu, müşterinin kendi enerjisini üretmesi değildir. Günümüzde enerji kalitesi problemi çözülmüştür. Westinghouse ile EPRl'nın (Electric Power Research fnstitute) müştereken geliştirdikleri O - STATCON ve DVR bu gaye için Amerika'da kullanılmaktadır. DVR ve 0-STATCON enerji kalitesini düzenleyen, problemi ekonomik olarak çözen, başarılı tatbikatları bulunan ve dünyada başkaca örneği olmayan ürünlerdir. ABSTRACT Problems with power quality that result in costly loss o( production to critical processes frequently create a dilemma (or both the serving utility and the energy consuming customer. The utility's obligation to serve, and lack ofagreement between the utility and customer on what constitutes acceptable power quality, creates a challenging environment (or problem solution. Since the problem ofproduction losses occurs on the consumer's side, it is also on the customers side where the success of any power quality problem mitigation effort must be measured. However, the cause of tne problem can originate on either of both sides. The optimum solution may be the result o( the application of system solutions and/or power quality improvement equipment on either o( both sides. Traditionally, for problems originating on the utility side, the approach has been to work on the customer side to desensitise critical loads while "cleaning up" the circuits on the utility side. However, once these efforts have been accomplished, there are stil/ many situations where it is not possible to provide sufficient improvement. in these cases, the customer side solutions usually become very expensive, e.g. large Uninterruptable Power Supplies (UPS). On the utility side, options to build new dedicated circuits or substations may be very difficult and stil/ not provide the required degree of improvement (insolation). A survey o( utility industrial commercial customers was conducted by Westinghouse under a contract with EFR1 between May-june, 1992. The purpose o( the survey was to determine the criteria used by these customers in making decisions resulting in the purchase, installation and operation o( power conditioning equipment to assure acceptable disturbance-free electrical service. The results of the survey indicated that improved quality o( electrical service beyond what was avaible from the utility is desirable. The economic cost of degraded electrical service to the customer's operations is signi(icant enough to justi(y major expenditures for equipment to improve electric service quality Signi(icantly, the majority of customers questioned stated that they would prefer a utility-provided solution as an a/ternative to the purchase, installation and operation of their own (customer-owned) on site equipment for the mitigation ofpower /ine disturbances. Doğol Goz Dergisi 94 Mart - Nisan 2000 Sayı 67 -c
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