well as scopping wichouc rescrictions solely on heavy fuel oils. Warcsila Diesel has designed ehe Vasa 46 engine, which is ehe basis of chis concepc, and ehe other engines in ehe producr porcofolio according co chese criteria and ehe engine can be run on low grade fuel oils wich viscosicies ofup ro 730 cSc at S0°C. � The WiircsiHi Diesel gas diesel engine design is based on ehe same rigid design as ehe heavy fuel oil versions. The gas cechnique used on chese Vasa 18V46 engines is based on ehe gas diesel technology developed by Wirtsila Diesel, ehe gaseous fuel is injecced direcdy inco ehe engine cylinders. The gas is pressurized wich a reciprocacing compressor before feeding it inco ehe engine. This pure diesel combustion eyde for burning gaseous fuels means chac ehe prime mover effıciency, performance and base specificacion are ehe same as chose of an ordinary fuel oil engine. The only difference is ehe main fuel used. The gaseous fuel is igniced wich a small portion ofpilot fuel oil, abouc 3% ofehe fuel inpuc. The fuel creacmenc for ehe pilot fuel is designed forfull engine load; chis alsoallows ehe plant ro be run rocally on fuel oil and provides full mulcifuel capabilicy. Gas diesel operacion-feeding of gas and pilot fuel and oucpuc from ehe enginesis concrolled by compucer- based PLC unics, one per engine. These computers are connecced ro ehe main aucomation syscem for ehe whole planc. The Combined Cycle Combined eyde cechnologies provide valuable addicional eleccricity producFig. 2 Drawing ofa 100 M\\1/ cliesel comlıiııecl eyde power planı day chere are ocher effıcienc cechnologies based on ORC (Organic Rankine Cyde) techniques ebat use organic liquids inscead of wacerand sceam. ORC cechniques have been in disfavour due ro ehe regulacions on freon type liquids, alchouhg ocher hydrocarbon liquids are now being sought. The combined eyde for chis 100 MW concepc is based on an ordinary sceam eyde. The available engine heat sources, i.e. exhausc gases and cooling wacers, are used effıciendy for sceam generacion. Each engine is equipped wich economizers, evaporaror and superheater seccions as well as individual sceam drums and sceam pressure and cemperacure concrols. When DeNOx-equipmenc is needed an SCR reaccor is built rogecher with ebe exhausc gas boiler in a single sceel srruccure. The opcimal sceam pressure is 1 2 bars for heavy fuel oil plancs and 6-8 bars for a purely natura! gas plant. The figures are Performance fable fora 100 M\\1/ diesel tion. These cechnologies are also mınbined erde pouıer p!rıııı . PERFORMANCE TABLE used for dıesel power plants, especially those in ehe 100 MW range. Diesel engines of 15-16 MW already have a gross efficiency of 45-46% on alcernaror cerminals and ehe gross elecrrical efficiencies of ehe planrs arc boosted up to 50% with asimplc one pressure !eve! sceam process. In a few years, effıciencies ofS 5 % will also be available at slighdy smaller planrs than this 100 MW diesel combined cydefacility. ToMain Fueı Ambient temperature Gross electrical output • Dıeseı engı�es -Steam turbıne - Toto1 Fueı consumption • Heat -Heot roıc Elcctrical efficiency Exhaust gas emissions • Nıtrogen oxides - Carbon mdnoxide - Hydrocarbons - Partıcutaıes Noise - 1 00 m from planı Scandinavian Heavy Natural fuel oit gas < 20 < 20 94.8 94.8 10.0 10.9 104.8 105.7 209.4 209.4 7190 7130 50.0 50.5 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.1 < 45 < 45 Tropicaı Heavy Natura! fueloil gas 40 40 85.9 85.9 7.3 7.7 93.2 93.6 189.0 189. 0 7300 7270 49.3 49.5 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.4 0. 5 0.2 0.1 < 45 < 45 DO/;;AL GAZ DERGİSİ SAYI . 33 126 for condensing curbine cycles; for back pressure applicacions higher sceam pressures are needed. The lower pressures for ehe natura! gas driven planc depend on the capaci ey co use exhausc gases at lower cemperanıres. Thecondensing curbine raced oucpuc is sensicive for ehe cooling of ehe curbine or acnıally of ehe planc's ambienc condicions. Sices for plancs of this size are usually chosen dose ro ehe sea or ocher bodies of wacers. The 100 MW concept was cherefore based on syscems for raw wacer cooling. Automacion The plant can be fully aucomaced very much depending on clienc needs and labour cosrs. The aucomacion syscem is based on PLC rechniques and operaced from ehe plant concrol room. The syscem covers ehe engines, sceam rurbine, DeNOx-equipment and electrical syscem. Environmental Issues Increasingly stringenc requiremencs for exhaust gas emissions have ro be carefully considered as well as related mat ters wich respecc ro wasce managemenr. The 100 MW planc can cherefore be equipped wich DeNOx-equipmenc, ammonia or urea based. 100 mg!MJ fuel or 0.8g/ kWh are easly achieved. Use of heavy fuel oil as main fuel produces considerable sludge from the fuel handling sysem. Although ehe sludge is normally mosdy wacer, it connoc be relaesed directly inco the sewage sysrem. By means ofa deaning device ehe wacer is sperated from ehe rest of the sludge and then feci inco ehe sewage syscem. The deg. C MWe MWe MWe MWfuel kJ/kWh.el % g/kWh,el g/kWh. cl g/kWh,el g/kWh.el dB rest of ehe sludge, which is only a small procion of ehe original volume, is rhen creaced. Mosc councries have noise requiremencs, and these have to be met wherever ehe planc is built. Differenc levels are also ser for construccion ofplancs in induscrial, residencial or remoce areas. The design value for ehe concept was 45 dB at 100 m from the planc.
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