p;,,_ ı. c�n.. ı,,,;.ı ,,_ M«Mntnıl indl""H"imty Aıt and furl E�ridr t EIKırıdıy PfOC'eN tıtım OPTIONAL OUTPUTS Pto«MhNC PtehcwcNI t'OfflbuMion ıir PrMHhtıı ehe use of chis cechnology. A renewed incerest in cogeneracion developed in ehe Uniced Scaces due co ehe energy crunch ofehe early 1970s. As an energy conservacion cechnology, cogeneracion uses oil, gas and ocher fuel resources more oo(;AL GAZ DERGiSi SAYI. 33 103 efficiendy chan either cypical induscrial processes or cradicional power plant. lncreased efficiency reduces pollucion, fuel consumpcion, and reliance on imporced energy sources. In 1992, ehe lasc year for which figures are available, 10% ofU.S. energycamefrom non-ucilicy sources (8% from cogeneracion; 2% ocher sources). [2] Cogeneracion eechnologies are classified as "copping-cycle" and "boccoming-cycle" syseems. If power is generaced firs and ehe rejecc heae is used as process heac, ehe process is called "copping." in a cypical copping-cycle syscem high-cemperacure, high- pressure sceam from a boiler is used eo drive a curbine co generate elecericicy (Figures, 1,2,3). The wasce heae or seeam exhausced from ehe curbine is then used as asource ofheae foran induserial or commercial process. Ifehe rejecc heac of an industrial process is used secondarily to generaee power, eben we have a "boccoming" configuraeion. in a eypical boctoming-cycle syscem , high-cemperacure chermal energy is produced firsc for applicacions such as reheac furnaces, glass kilns, or aluminum mecal furnaces, and heac is eben extracced from ehe hoc exhause seeam of ehe primary applicacion and used co drive a curbine. Bottoming-cycle syseems are generally used in induscrial processes chat require very high-eemperacure heac (Figure 4). Because of ehe environmencal and efficiency benefits of chis eechnology, ehe U.S. Deparcmenc ofEnergy has been an accive pareicipane in ehe developmenc of new co-generaeion eechnologies. At photograph 1, afuel cell power planc, inserumencacion, and ehe associaced heac pump used to evaluace cogeneracion inscallacions at a Fuel Rqcoeracw
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